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Edexcel IGCSE Biology · Spec 2.46-2.48

Breathing and the Lungs

The breathing system, how we breathe in and out, and how the alveoli are adapted for gas exchange.

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Breathing and the Lungs

Spec 2.46-2.48

What you need to know

  • Name the parts of the breathing system
  • Describe how we breathe in and out
  • Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange

Active recall

Quick check

Answer each question before opening the answer.

Describe what happens during inhalation.

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, external intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs up and out, chest volume increases and pressure falls, so air moves in.

Give three adaptations of alveoli for gas exchange.

Any three of: large surface area, thin (one-cell) walls, moist surface, good blood supply maintaining a steep concentration gradient.

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